Chinese Language Learning Program
Lesson 139 –The prepositions in Chinese (I)
Hello, everyone. Welcome back. This is Baixue’s Chinese
Language Learning Program. Last time we talked about a tongue twister to
practice how to pronounce “en,eng,ang,ong” in Chinese. Today, we will talk
about the prepositions in Chinese.
jiè cí
介词 (preposition)
A preposition is a word that can be put before a pronoun
or a noun to form a prepositional phrase indicating direction, place, time,
reason, manner, object, the passive, comparison and exclusion, etc. For example:
1. Indicating direction, place and time:
cóng xiàng wǎng
从 (from, through) 向 (towards) 往 (toward, to)
lí zài
离 (away, off) 在 (at;during;On;under)
1) yī shù yào yǎn de yang guāng cóng mén kǒu
一 束 耀 眼 的 阳 光 从 门 口
zhào shè jìn
lái.
照 射 进 来。
(A brilliant
shaft of sunlight burst through the doorway.)
2) wǒ men yào xiàng xìng fú jìn fā.
我 们 要 向 幸 福 进 发。
(We need to walk towards happiness.)
3) tā kāi shǐ yán zhe
dǒu qiào de shān lù wǎng
她 开 始 沿 着 陡 峭 的 山 路 往
shàng pá.
上 爬。(She began to climb up the steep mountain.)
4) xiàn zài wǒ men zhù dé lí shì zhōng xīn gèng yuǎn le.
现 在 我 们 住 得离 市 中 心 更 远 了。
(Now we live further away from the
city centre.)
5) tā jīn tiān zài jiā.
他今 天 在 家。(He is at home
today.)
2. Indicating reason:
wèi wèi le yóu yú
为 (for) 为 了(for, in order to)
由 于(because, due to)
1) wǒ yǒng yuǎn wàng bù liǎo nǐ wèi wǒ men suǒ
我 永 远 忘 不 了 你 为 我 们 所
zuò de yī qiè.
做 的 一 切。
(I will never
forget what you did for us.)
2) mā mā zuò zhè xiē dōu shì wèi le wǒ men.
妈 妈 做 这 些 都 是 为 了 我 们。
(What Mom did is all for us.)
3) yóu yú jiàn kāng wèn tí tā bù dé bù tuì xiū.
由 于 健 康 问 题 他 不 得 不 退 休。
(He was forced to retire because of his
health.)
3. Indicating manner:
àn zhào gēn jù
按 照 (according to) 根 据 (according, based, Under)
1) àn zhào guī dìng, chǎng nèi bù zhǔn yǐn jiǔ.
按 照 规 定, 场 内 不 准 饮 酒。
(According to
the rules, no alcohol is allowed in this place.)
2) lǎo shī cháng gēn jù qí mò kǎo shì lái píng jià
老 师 常 根 据 期 末 考 试 来 评 价
tā men de xué shēng.
他 们 的 学 生。
(Teachers
always judge their students based on the final
examination.)
4. Indicating object:
gēn
duì gěi
跟 (with) 对 (to) 给 (for, to, by)
duì yú
对 于 (for, to, about, toward)
guān yú lián
关 于(about, relating, as for) 连 (including)
1) wǒ jué de nǐ gāi
gēn tā tán tán le.
我 觉 得 你 该 跟 他 谈 谈 了。
(I think you should talk with him.)
2) duì kùn nàn bù néng qū fú.
对 困 难 不 能 屈 服。
(Never yield
to difficulties.)
3) néng bǎ nà běn shū dì gěi wǒ ma?
能 把 那 本 书 递 给 我 吗?
(Could you
please pass that book to me?)
4) duì yú wǒ men lái shuō, jiàn kāng shì fēi cháng
对 于 我 们 来 说, 健 康 是 非 常
zhòng yào de.
重 要 的。
(Health is
very important for all of us.)
5) zhè ge bàn gōng shì lián wǒ gong yǒu 10 rén.
这 个 办 公 室 连 我 共 有 10 人。
(There are
ten people in this office including me.)
5. Indicating the passive:
bèi jiào gěi
被 (was, be, been, is) 叫 (by) 给(by)
1) tā bèi xuǎn wèi bān zhǎng le.
她 被 选 为 班 长 了。
(She was elected as a class present.)
2) tā jiào yǔ lín le.
她 叫 雨 淋 了。(She was caught in the rain.)
3) yáng gěi láng chī le.
羊 给 狼 吃 了。(The sheep was eaten by the wolf.)
6. Indicating comparison:
bǐ gēn
比 (than, to) 跟 (with, as)
1) tā de zì xiě de bǐ wǒ hǎo.
她 的 字 写 得 比 我
好。
(Her handwriting is
better than mine.)
2) tā dài wǒ gēn dài tā nǚ'ér yī yàng.
她 待 我 跟 待 她 女 儿 一 样。
(She treats me like her daughter.)
7. Indicating exclusion:
chú chú le
除 (except; besides) 除 了(except ;
besides)
1) chú xīng qí tiān wài, tā měi tiān dū gōng zuò.
除 星 期 天 外, 她 每 天 都 工 作。
(He works every day except Sunday.)
2) chú le yīng yǔ, tā hái yào xué dé yǔ hé fǎ yǔ.
除了 英 语, 她 还 要 学 德 语 和 法 语。
(Besides English, she has to study German and French.)
Ok, that is all for today. Next time we will talk about
the grammatical features and functions of the prepositions.
xiè xiè!
谢 谢 ! (Thanks!)
xià cì jiàn
下 次 见! (See you next time!)
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